Ale- a malt beverage that is darker and more bitter than beer.
Annul- to abolish or cancel.
Apprentice- one who studies under another who is a master of the trade.
Aratum- A lightweight, wooden plow that was used near the Mediterranean, but was not effective in land above the Alps because of the hard clay ground.
Aristocracy- a class of persons holding exceptional rank; especially nobility.
Carruca- a heavy, wheeled plow often drawn by 2 horses.
Chanson de geste- a form of vernacular literature in the High Middle Ages that consisted of heroic epics focusing on the deeds of warriors.
Chivalry- the sum of the ideal qualifications of a knight.
Commercial Capitalism- the investment of money into large batches of goods.
Commune- a group of likeminded people who all share a common interest.
Confirmed- having received the religious rite of confirmation.
Couplets- a pair of successive lines of verse which rhyme.
Crusades- the military expedition undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Muslims.
Demesne- the part of a manor retained under the direct control of the lord and worked by the serfs as part of their labor services.
Dilapidated- the state of being reduced to ruin through war, neglect or wear.
Guild- an organization of people with common interests or goals.
Jousting- a combat where two knights on horseback attempt to knock each other off with blunt lances.
Keep- the main tower within the walls of a Medieval castle or fortress.
Mass- a Catholic celebration of the eucharist.
Melee- a confused fight or struggle between multiple people.
Nominalist- a member of a school of thought in medieval Europe that, following Aristotle, held that only individual objects are real and that universals are only names created by humans.
Patricians- originally used in Rome to reffer to the rich and wealthy, and was eventually used in Medieval Europe in the same way.
Pillory- a device used to publicly humiliate a person for a crime. Was a wooden beam placed on two poles with three holes carved from it making room for the head and hands.
Realist- a subscriber to the medieval European school of thought that held, following Plato, that the individual objects we perceive are not real but merely manifestations of universal ideas existing in the mind of God.
Scholasticism- a system of philosophy, theology and teaching that dominated Medieval western Europe.
Summa- a work or series of works that is a summary of all human knowledge.
Thatched- materials such as straw, leaves, or reed weaved together to make a roof.
Troubadour poetry- poems which mainly focus on the idea of courtly love- usually including a knight and a lady for whom he falls and works hard to impress.
Vernacular- the everyday language of a region, as distinguished from a language used for special purposes. For example, in medieval Paris, French was the vernacular, but Latin was used for academic writing and for classes at the University of Paris.
Annul- to abolish or cancel.
Apprentice- one who studies under another who is a master of the trade.
Aratum- A lightweight, wooden plow that was used near the Mediterranean, but was not effective in land above the Alps because of the hard clay ground.
Aristocracy- a class of persons holding exceptional rank; especially nobility.
Carruca- a heavy, wheeled plow often drawn by 2 horses.
Chanson de geste- a form of vernacular literature in the High Middle Ages that consisted of heroic epics focusing on the deeds of warriors.
Chivalry- the sum of the ideal qualifications of a knight.
Commercial Capitalism- the investment of money into large batches of goods.
Commune- a group of likeminded people who all share a common interest.
Confirmed- having received the religious rite of confirmation.
Couplets- a pair of successive lines of verse which rhyme.
Crusades- the military expedition undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Muslims.
Demesne- the part of a manor retained under the direct control of the lord and worked by the serfs as part of their labor services.
Dilapidated- the state of being reduced to ruin through war, neglect or wear.
Guild- an organization of people with common interests or goals.
Jousting- a combat where two knights on horseback attempt to knock each other off with blunt lances.
Keep- the main tower within the walls of a Medieval castle or fortress.
Mass- a Catholic celebration of the eucharist.
Melee- a confused fight or struggle between multiple people.
Nominalist- a member of a school of thought in medieval Europe that, following Aristotle, held that only individual objects are real and that universals are only names created by humans.
Patricians- originally used in Rome to reffer to the rich and wealthy, and was eventually used in Medieval Europe in the same way.
Pillory- a device used to publicly humiliate a person for a crime. Was a wooden beam placed on two poles with three holes carved from it making room for the head and hands.
Realist- a subscriber to the medieval European school of thought that held, following Plato, that the individual objects we perceive are not real but merely manifestations of universal ideas existing in the mind of God.
Scholasticism- a system of philosophy, theology and teaching that dominated Medieval western Europe.
Summa- a work or series of works that is a summary of all human knowledge.
Thatched- materials such as straw, leaves, or reed weaved together to make a roof.
Troubadour poetry- poems which mainly focus on the idea of courtly love- usually including a knight and a lady for whom he falls and works hard to impress.
Vernacular- the everyday language of a region, as distinguished from a language used for special purposes. For example, in medieval Paris, French was the vernacular, but Latin was used for academic writing and for classes at the University of Paris.