Apothecaries- filled people's prescriptions and assigned prescriptions of their own made of special herbs and such.
Barber Surgeons- less experienced surgeons who made extra money on the side as barbers.
Cannon- a weapon constructed in Asia after the invention of gunpowder. Newer and more revised versions soon surfaced in Europe.
Ciompi- Florence's wool workers.
Dauphin- a term for the eldest son of the king of France used from 1348-1830.
Despotic- having the characteristics of a tyrant, tyrannical.
Foundlings- infants that have been abandoned by parents.
Gabelle- a special tax on salt; another of the many taxes instituted by Philip VI during the Hundred Years' War.
Gonfaloniere- the position of a standard bearer of justice created after the passing of the Ordinances of Justice.
Grandi- the original group of noble aristocrats who ruled Florence in its early years.
Great Council- a council formed after the constitution of 1297 in Venice that ruled the city's government for years to come.
Midwives- practitioners who's main job was delivering babies.
Mysticism- the immediate experience of oneness with God.
Pogroms- organized massacres; in reference to the persecution of Jews during the Black Death outbreak in Europe.
Popolo Grasso- the aristocrats who usurped the grandi and assumed control of Florence's government; literally means: fat people.
Popolo Minuto- the common folk of Florence including shopkeepers and artisans.
Scutage- the financial payment a vassal would receive in the place of the traditional payment of land.
Signoria- a council of elected men who were given ultimate authority of Florence's government after the Ordinances of Justice was passed.
Taille- a hearth tax instituted by Philip VI during the Hundred Years' War.
Third Estate- a group in the Estates-General that consisted of people not of nobility and not in the clergy...everyone else.
Yersinia Pestis- a bacterium that caused the Black Death epidemic in Europe. It can infect humans and other animals and is found in three forms: Bubonic, Pneumonic and Septicemic.
Vernacular- common; Vernacular Language: the common language.
Barber Surgeons- less experienced surgeons who made extra money on the side as barbers.
Cannon- a weapon constructed in Asia after the invention of gunpowder. Newer and more revised versions soon surfaced in Europe.
Ciompi- Florence's wool workers.
Dauphin- a term for the eldest son of the king of France used from 1348-1830.
Despotic- having the characteristics of a tyrant, tyrannical.
Foundlings- infants that have been abandoned by parents.
Gabelle- a special tax on salt; another of the many taxes instituted by Philip VI during the Hundred Years' War.
Gonfaloniere- the position of a standard bearer of justice created after the passing of the Ordinances of Justice.
Grandi- the original group of noble aristocrats who ruled Florence in its early years.
Great Council- a council formed after the constitution of 1297 in Venice that ruled the city's government for years to come.
Midwives- practitioners who's main job was delivering babies.
Mysticism- the immediate experience of oneness with God.
Pogroms- organized massacres; in reference to the persecution of Jews during the Black Death outbreak in Europe.
Popolo Grasso- the aristocrats who usurped the grandi and assumed control of Florence's government; literally means: fat people.
Popolo Minuto- the common folk of Florence including shopkeepers and artisans.
Scutage- the financial payment a vassal would receive in the place of the traditional payment of land.
Signoria- a council of elected men who were given ultimate authority of Florence's government after the Ordinances of Justice was passed.
Taille- a hearth tax instituted by Philip VI during the Hundred Years' War.
Third Estate- a group in the Estates-General that consisted of people not of nobility and not in the clergy...everyone else.
Yersinia Pestis- a bacterium that caused the Black Death epidemic in Europe. It can infect humans and other animals and is found in three forms: Bubonic, Pneumonic and Septicemic.
Vernacular- common; Vernacular Language: the common language.