Diocese- an ecclesiatial district under the jurisdiction of a bishop.
Vicar- a person acting as a priest of a parish in place of a rector.
Prefecture- the official residence of a prefect.
Tetrarchy- a ruler of a quarter of a division.
Monarch- an absolute ruler in which the position is sometimes hereditary.
Bureaucracies- the body of officials and administrators in a government.
Illustres- illustrious ones.
Illustrissimi- most illustrious ones.
Garrison Troops- fought on the frontiers and were normally the first line of defense.
Mobile Units- backed up the garrison troops when needed.
Solidus- a new gold coin that was created by Constanine.
Curiales- the city councillors.
Coercion- the people who were forced to stay in their job.
Coloni- free tenant farmers.
Basilica- an old church similar to a cathedral.
Bishop- leader of a bishopric and had more power than a priest.
Bishopric- the area over which a bishop ruled.
Archbishop- ruled over a group of bishops.
Heresy- considered a contradictory interpretation of a key doctrine of the Bible.
Barbarians- barbarians referred to all of the Germans, or people who lived to the north fo the Rhine and Danube rivers.
Burgundians- a Germanic tribe that moved into southern Gaul near the Visigoths.
Franks- the Franks were the Germans/Barbarians who lived mostly in Northern Gaul.
Vandals- a Germanic tribe that went all the way around Italy and through Spain to cross to North Africa and take over Carthage.
Masters of the Soldiers- the master of the soldiers were military officials who controlled the government and the imperial court, and who held most of the authority by the mid 5th century.
Ostrogoths- the Germans/Barbarians who conquered Odoacer to take control of Italy.
Orthodox- something that was orthodox, was in sync, or agreed with, the accepted church doctrines.
Ravenna- the capital of the western imperial government after it was taken over by the Byzantines.
Monarchy- a government set up to be ruled by one person, usually a king, and many times the positions was hereditary.
Alemanni- a Germanic tribe that was defeated by Clovis in southwest Germany.
Pyrenees- a mountain range in France.
Merovingian- referred to the merovingian dynasty during which Clovis ruled.
Major Domus- in the Frankish kingdom; the major domus, or mayor of the palace, was the chief officer of the king's household.
Angles- one of the two major Barbarian tribes to conquer Britain after the withdrawl of Roman troops. Britain is referred to as Anglo-Saxon England during the time of this tribes reign.
Saxons- one of the two major Barbarian tribes to conquer Britain after teh withdrawl of Roman troops. Britain is referred to as Anglo- Saxon England during the time of this tribes reign.
Celtic Britons- the tribe of celts who were indigenous to the British island even before the Romans invaded.
Wergeld- was a fine created to take the place of a blood feud. (See Chapter VII - The Germanic Kingdoms - The Society of the Germanic Kingdoms -Germanic Law)
Denars- a type of currency among the Germanic Kingdoms.
Compurgation- A process in Germanic Law in which an offender of some kind swears with 12 - 25 others that he did not commit the crime he is accused of thus setting him free.
The Ordeal- Another process in Germanic Law in which an offender attempts to prove innocence by inflicting self harm with the goal of being saved by the gods.
Petrine Supremacy- the name of the power of the pope.
Papa- a name for early bishops; eventually developed into, "pope."
Lombards- a Barbarian tribe that conquered the Byzantines in Northern and Central Italy in 568.
Jurist- someone who serves duty on a jury.
Edicts- decrees or laws that are issued.
Codification- classification, a way of ordering things.
Hippodrome- a large arena built in Constantinople which often held chariot races and gladiatorial fights.
Persians- a group of people on the eastern side of the Mediterranean who were defeated by the Muslims.
Slavs- another group of people who were to the north of the Roman empire.
Bulgars- an Asiatic tribe who defeated much of the forces on the east of the Roman empire.
Balkans- a mountain range in the north east of the Roman empire.
Icons- images used to symbolize something.
Arabs- the people who lived in the Arabian peninsula.
Semitic- a language spoken by the Arabs.
Bedouins- nomadic Arabs who did not like urban Arabs.
Polytheistic- the belief in many gods.
Mecca- a city that holds much significance in Islam and is located on the Arabian peninsula.
Allah- the one and only supreme god in Islam.
Qur'an- the book which Muslims are to read and live by.
Islam- the religion practiced by Muslims; it literally means "submission to the will of Allah".
Yathrib- the city which Muhammad traveled to after he was denied in Mecca; it means "city of the prophet".
Caliph- the political ruler of Islam.
Razzia- a raid in a war against an enemy.
Jihad- normally interpreted as a holy war, but the real meaning is "striving in the way of the Lord".
Yarmuk- the site of the Muslims' defeat of the Byzantinians in 636.
Umayyads- a dynasty created by Muawiya when a caliph was needed to rule over the Muslims.
Shi'ites- the ones who only thought that Ali's descendants should be caliphs.
Monk- a man who sought to live a life divorced from the world; it literally means "someone who lives alone"
Monasticism-a lifestyle in which one lives as a hermit and does not have anything to do with the world.
Abbot- the father of a monastery.
Nun- religious women who lived together and often lived like monks.
Ascetism- giving up many worldly things and often becoming withdrawn from society.
Abbesses- a woman who is the superior of a convent of nuns.
Celibacy- when someone gives up sexual relations for their life, meaning they cannot be married.
Liberal Arts- studies comprising the quadrivium and trivium.
Trivium- grammar, rhetoric, and logic.
Quadrivium- arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music.
Vicar- a person acting as a priest of a parish in place of a rector.
Prefecture- the official residence of a prefect.
Tetrarchy- a ruler of a quarter of a division.
Monarch- an absolute ruler in which the position is sometimes hereditary.
Bureaucracies- the body of officials and administrators in a government.
Illustres- illustrious ones.
Illustrissimi- most illustrious ones.
Garrison Troops- fought on the frontiers and were normally the first line of defense.
Mobile Units- backed up the garrison troops when needed.
Solidus- a new gold coin that was created by Constanine.
Curiales- the city councillors.
Coercion- the people who were forced to stay in their job.
Coloni- free tenant farmers.
Basilica- an old church similar to a cathedral.
Bishop- leader of a bishopric and had more power than a priest.
Bishopric- the area over which a bishop ruled.
Archbishop- ruled over a group of bishops.
Heresy- considered a contradictory interpretation of a key doctrine of the Bible.
Barbarians- barbarians referred to all of the Germans, or people who lived to the north fo the Rhine and Danube rivers.
Burgundians- a Germanic tribe that moved into southern Gaul near the Visigoths.
Franks- the Franks were the Germans/Barbarians who lived mostly in Northern Gaul.
Vandals- a Germanic tribe that went all the way around Italy and through Spain to cross to North Africa and take over Carthage.
Masters of the Soldiers- the master of the soldiers were military officials who controlled the government and the imperial court, and who held most of the authority by the mid 5th century.
Ostrogoths- the Germans/Barbarians who conquered Odoacer to take control of Italy.
Orthodox- something that was orthodox, was in sync, or agreed with, the accepted church doctrines.
Ravenna- the capital of the western imperial government after it was taken over by the Byzantines.
Monarchy- a government set up to be ruled by one person, usually a king, and many times the positions was hereditary.
Alemanni- a Germanic tribe that was defeated by Clovis in southwest Germany.
Pyrenees- a mountain range in France.
Merovingian- referred to the merovingian dynasty during which Clovis ruled.
Major Domus- in the Frankish kingdom; the major domus, or mayor of the palace, was the chief officer of the king's household.
Angles- one of the two major Barbarian tribes to conquer Britain after the withdrawl of Roman troops. Britain is referred to as Anglo-Saxon England during the time of this tribes reign.
Saxons- one of the two major Barbarian tribes to conquer Britain after teh withdrawl of Roman troops. Britain is referred to as Anglo- Saxon England during the time of this tribes reign.
Celtic Britons- the tribe of celts who were indigenous to the British island even before the Romans invaded.
Wergeld- was a fine created to take the place of a blood feud. (See Chapter VII - The Germanic Kingdoms - The Society of the Germanic Kingdoms -Germanic Law)
Denars- a type of currency among the Germanic Kingdoms.
Compurgation- A process in Germanic Law in which an offender of some kind swears with 12 - 25 others that he did not commit the crime he is accused of thus setting him free.
The Ordeal- Another process in Germanic Law in which an offender attempts to prove innocence by inflicting self harm with the goal of being saved by the gods.
Petrine Supremacy- the name of the power of the pope.
Papa- a name for early bishops; eventually developed into, "pope."
Lombards- a Barbarian tribe that conquered the Byzantines in Northern and Central Italy in 568.
Jurist- someone who serves duty on a jury.
Edicts- decrees or laws that are issued.
Codification- classification, a way of ordering things.
Hippodrome- a large arena built in Constantinople which often held chariot races and gladiatorial fights.
Persians- a group of people on the eastern side of the Mediterranean who were defeated by the Muslims.
Slavs- another group of people who were to the north of the Roman empire.
Bulgars- an Asiatic tribe who defeated much of the forces on the east of the Roman empire.
Balkans- a mountain range in the north east of the Roman empire.
Icons- images used to symbolize something.
Arabs- the people who lived in the Arabian peninsula.
Semitic- a language spoken by the Arabs.
Bedouins- nomadic Arabs who did not like urban Arabs.
Polytheistic- the belief in many gods.
Mecca- a city that holds much significance in Islam and is located on the Arabian peninsula.
Allah- the one and only supreme god in Islam.
Qur'an- the book which Muslims are to read and live by.
Islam- the religion practiced by Muslims; it literally means "submission to the will of Allah".
Yathrib- the city which Muhammad traveled to after he was denied in Mecca; it means "city of the prophet".
Caliph- the political ruler of Islam.
Razzia- a raid in a war against an enemy.
Jihad- normally interpreted as a holy war, but the real meaning is "striving in the way of the Lord".
Yarmuk- the site of the Muslims' defeat of the Byzantinians in 636.
Umayyads- a dynasty created by Muawiya when a caliph was needed to rule over the Muslims.
Shi'ites- the ones who only thought that Ali's descendants should be caliphs.
Monk- a man who sought to live a life divorced from the world; it literally means "someone who lives alone"
Monasticism-a lifestyle in which one lives as a hermit and does not have anything to do with the world.
Abbot- the father of a monastery.
Nun- religious women who lived together and often lived like monks.
Ascetism- giving up many worldly things and often becoming withdrawn from society.
Abbesses- a woman who is the superior of a convent of nuns.
Celibacy- when someone gives up sexual relations for their life, meaning they cannot be married.
Liberal Arts- studies comprising the quadrivium and trivium.
Trivium- grammar, rhetoric, and logic.
Quadrivium- arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music.