Cluniac Reform Movement
Duke William of Aquitaine began the abbey of Cluny in 910 in Burgundy, France. The people in the monastery began to follow the old ways of monastic life, by being more focused on spiritual things instead of themselves. The abbey was made to be free from any control so that these ideals could be kept. In order to make sure that these things were followed, the people had to work by copying writings instead of manual labor. They also did more worship together, rather than alone. This idea spread throughout Europe, and inspired the construction of many new monasteries founded on the same principles. This helped show the papacy that it too needed reform.